糖心原创

School of Psychology
 

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Peter Chapman

Associate Professor, Faculty of Science

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Teaching Summary

Human Memory

Vision, Attention and Eye Movements

Cognition and Emotion

The Psychology of Road User Behaviour

Research Summary

I do research in applied cognitive psychology. My main area of application is the psychology of driving, while my more theoretical interests are in vision and memory. Some of my research actually… read more

Selected Publications

  • CHLOE J. ROBBINS, HARRIET A. ALLEN, KARL A. MILLER and PETER CHAPMAN, 2019. PLOS ONE. 14(9),
  • ROBBINS CJ, ALLEN HA and CHAPMAN P, 2019. Applied ergonomics. 80, 89-101
  • TSIKANDILAKIS M, BALI P, DERRFUSS J and CHAPMAN P, 2019. Consciousness and cognition. 74, 102771 (In Press.)
  • ROBBINS C and CHAPMAN P, 2019. Accident; analysis and prevention. 132, 105266 (In Press.)

Current Research

I do research in applied cognitive psychology. My main area of application is the psychology of driving, while my more theoretical interests are in vision and memory. Some of my research actually fuses all three of these areas - i.e. where do drivers look, and what do they remember after they have looked there? Some examples of the kind of research that I am involved in are provided below:

Understanding Junction Crashes - One of the most frequent and bewildering crashes at junctions is when a driver pulls out at a junction straight into the path of an oncoming vehicle - often a motorcycle. We estimate that around a 100 people in the UK and up to 100,000 people world-wide die in this sort of crash every year. Our research using the NITES 1 driving simulator suggests that many of these crashes may be caused by memory errors. Because these seem to happen even after the driver has looked straight at the oncoming vehicle we have called them "Saw but Forgot" errors.

Visual Search in Novice and Experienced Drivers - We have recorded the eye movements of large numbers of newly qualified drivers both while they are driving an instrumented vehicle and while they are watching videos of driving situations in the laboratory. These drivers seem to have very different search strategies to those used by drivers with five to ten years of traffic experience. We are investigating ways of training newly qualified drivers to use more effective visual search strategies.

Eye Movements in Dangerous Driving Situations - We have found that eye movements in dangerous situations are characterised by an increase in average fixation durations and a reduction in mean saccade length, and in spread of both horizontal and vertical search. These situations also produced particularly dramatic differences between novice and experienced drivers in their visual search strategies.

Memory for Accidents and Near Accidents - Our work on eye movements predicts that memory in dangerous situations should be best for central information and worst for peripheral details. Various memory studies have supported this conclusion. One of our more surprising findings is how often drivers completely forget their accidents and near accidents. Drivers seem to be particularly likely to forget about minor incidents when they did not feel personally responsible for the accident.

Attention and Memory Failures in Routine Tasks - One other surprising example of a memory failure in drivers is the "time gap experience". This is the common feeling of 'waking up' while driving to the realisation that you can't remember anything about the previous section of road. We have found that this type of experience is reported frequently both in driving and other everyday tasks. We also have some tentative evidence linking such experiences to involvement in road traffic accidents.

Traffic Accident Liability - The key practical question in the psychology of driving is to understand individual and situational factors which predict the occurrence of accidents. Some of the factors we have been particularly interested in are hazard perception ability, occurrence of anger while driving, tradeoffs between speed and accuracy, and general driving style as measured in an instrumented vehicle.

Future Research

See Bike, Say Bike - Motorcyclist are particularly likely to be victims of someone pulling out at a junction in front of them. These crashes happen so often that bikers have a special name for them - SMIDSY. This stands for "Sorry Mate I Didn't See You", which is what the driver often says afterwards. Our research has suggested that the drivers may often be wrong - the did see the motorcyclist, they had just forgotten about them when the pulled out. We have the proposed the "See Bike, Say Bike" intervention as a way of increasing the capacity of drivers' working memory for oncoming vehicles by using the phonological loop. One of my current research priorities is exploring the effectiveness of this intervention and ways in which it can be extended and applied practically.

  • MILLER, K. A., CHAPMAN, P. and SHEPPARD, E., 2021. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 81, 639-649
  • TSIKANDILAKIS, MYRON, YU, ZHAOLIANG, KAUSEL, LEONIE, BONCOMPTE, GONZALO, LANFRANCO, RENZO C., OXNER, MATT, BALI, PERSEFONI, URALE LEONG, POUTASI, QING, MAN, PATERAKIS, GEORGE, CACI, SALVATORE, MILBANK, ALISON, MEVEL, PIERRE-ALEXIS, CARMEL, DAVID, MADAN, CHRISTOPHER, DERRFUSS, JAN and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2021. "There Is No (Where a) Face Like Home": Recognition and Appraisal Responses to Masked Facial Dialects of Emotion in Four Different National Cultures PERCEPTION. 50(12), 1027-1055
  • TSIKANDILAKIS, MYRON, BALI, PERSEFONI, YU, ZHAOLIANG, MADAN, CHRISTOPHER, DERRFUSS, JAN, CHAPMAN, PETER and GROEGER, JOHN, 2021. Individual conscious and unconscious perception of emotion: Theory, methodology and applications CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION. 94,
  • ROBBINS, CHLOE J., ROGERS, JAMES, WALTON, SOPHIE, ALLEN, HARRIET A. and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2021. The effect of a secondary task on drivers' gap acceptance and situational awareness at junctions ERGONOMICS. 64(2), 184-198
  • BARNARD, M. P., PAMPEL, S., BURNETT, G., ALLEN, H. A. and CHAPMAN, P., 2020. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 69, 28-37
  • TSIKANDILAKIS, MYRON, BALI, PERSEFONI, HARALABOPOULOS, GIANNIS, DERRFUSS, JAN and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2020. "The Harder One Tries ... ": Findings and Insights From the Application of Covert Response Pressure Assessment Technology in Three Studies of Visual Perception I-PERCEPTION. 11(2),
  • TSIKANDILAKIS, MYRON, BALI, PERSEFONI, DERRFUSS, JAN and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2020. Anger and hostility: are they different? An analytical exploration of facial-expressive differences, and physiological and facial-emotional responses COGNITION & EMOTION. 34(3), 581-595
  • TSIKANDILAKIS, MYRON, BALI, PERSEFONI, DERRFUSS, JAN and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2020. "I can see you; I can feel it; and vice-versa": consciousness and its relation to emotional physiology COGNITION & EMOTION. 34(3), 498-510
  • MASE, JIMIAMA MAFENI, MAJID, SHAZMIN, MESGARPOUR, MOHAMMAD, TORRES, MERCEDES TORRES, FIGUEREDO, GRAZZIELA P. and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2020. Evaluating the impact of Heavy Goods Vehicle driver monitoring and coaching to reduce risky behaviour ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION. 146,
  • TSIKANDILAKIS, MYRON, BALI, PERSEFONI and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2019. PERCEPTION. 48(1), 72-92
  • ROBBINS CJ, ALLEN HA and CHAPMAN P, 2019. Applied ergonomics. 80, 89-101
  • TSIKANDILAKIS M, BALI P, DERRFUSS J and CHAPMAN P, 2019. Consciousness and cognition. 74, 102771 (In Press.)
  • ROBBINS, CHLOE J., RUSSELL, SYTHEY and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2019. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR. 62, 376-389
  • CHLOE J. ROBBINS, HARRIET A. ALLEN, KARL A. MILLER and PETER CHAPMAN, 2019. PLOS ONE. 14(9),
  • ROBBINS, CHLOE and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2019. How does drivers' visual search change as a function of experience? A systematic review and meta-analysis ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION. 132,
  • TSIKANDILAKIS M and CHAPMAN P, 2018. Perception. 47(4), 432-450
  • ROBBINS, CHLOE J, ALLEN, HARRIET A and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2018. Accident; analysis and prevention. 117, 304-317
  • ROBBINS, CHLOE JADE and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2018. Human factors. 18720818778960
  • BARNARD, M. P. and CHAPMAN, P., 2018. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR. 55, 123-135
  • BARNARD, M. P. and CHAPMAN, P., 2018. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES. 135, 207-211
  • FOY, HANNAH J. and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2018. APPLIED ERGONOMICS. 73, 90-99
  • ROBBINS, CHLOE J., ALLEN, HARRIET A. and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2018. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR. 58, 944-954
  • YOUNG, ANGELA H, CRUNDALL, DAVID and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2017. Accident; analysis and prevention. 101, 1-10
  • TSIKANDILAKIS M, CHAPMAN P and PEIRCE J, 2017. Consciousness and cognition. 58, 75-89
  • BARNARD, M.P. and CHAPMAN, P., 2016. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 86, 99-107 (In Press.)
  • FOY, H. J., RUNHAM, P. and CHAPMAN, P., 2016. PLoS ONE. 11(5),
  • CASSIDY S, MITCHELL P, CHAPMAN P and ROPAR D, 2015. Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research.
  • GROOM, M. J., VAN LOON, E., DALEY, D., CHAPMAN, P. and HOLLIS, C., 2015. BMC Psychiatry. 15(1), 175
  • JONES, M.P., CHAPMAN, P. and BAILEY, K., 2014. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 73, 296-304
  • YOUNG, ANGELA H., CHAPMAN, PETER and CRUNDALL, DAVID, 2014. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-APPLIED. 20(3), 285-294
  • CASSIDY, SARAH, ROPAR, DANIELLE, MITCHELL, PETER and CHAPMAN, PETER, 2014. AUTISM RESEARCH. 7(1), 112-123
  • CHIPCHASE, S.Y. and CHAPMAN, P., 2013. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 66(2), 277-298
  • CRUNDALL, D., CHAPMAN, P., TRAWLEY, S., COLLINS, L., VAN LOON, E., ANDREWS, B. and UNDERWOOD, G., 2012. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 45(2), 600-609
  • BAILEY, K. and CHAPMAN, P., 2012. Brain and Cognition. 78(2), 133-147
  • KONSTANTOPOULOS, P., CHAPMAN, P. and CRUNDALL, D., 2012. Transportation Research Part F. 15, 378-386
  • FREETH, M., ROPAR, D., MITCHELL, P., CHAPMAN, P. and LOHER, S., 2011. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 41(3), 364-371
  • FREETH, M., FOULSHAM, T. and CHAPMAN, P., 2011. Neuropsychologia. 49(1), 156-160
  • UNDERWOOD, G, CRUNDALL, D. and CHAPMAN, P., 2011. Transportation Research: Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 14, 435-446
  • HUMPHREYS, L., UNDERWOOD, G. and CHAPMAN, P., 2010. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 22(8), 1235-1247
  • FREETH, M., CHAPMAN, P., ROPAR, D. and MITCHELL, P., 2010. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 40(5), 534-547
  • FREETH, M., ROPAR, D., CHAPMAN, P. and MITCHELL, P., 2010. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 105(1-2), 20-37
  • KONSTANTOPOULOS, P., CHAPMAN, P. and CRUNDALL, D., 2010. Accident, Analysis and Prevention. 42(3), 827-834
  • CRUNDALL, D., ANDREWS, B., VAN LOON, E. and CHAPMAN, P., 2010. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 42(6), 2117-2124
  • UNDERWOOD, G., CHAPMAN, P. and CRUNDALL, D., 2009. Experience and visual attention in driving. In: CASTRO, C., ed., Human factors of visual and cognitive performance in driving Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 89-116
  • JACKSON, L., CHAPMAN, P. and CRUNDALL, D., 2009. Ergonomics. 52(2), 154-164
  • GALPIN, A., UNDERWOOD, G. and CHAPMAN, P., 2008. Consciousness and Cognition. 17(3), 672-678
  • POULTER, D.R., CHAPMAN, P., BIBBY, P.A., CLARKE, D.D. and CRUNDALL, D., 2008. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 40(6), 2058-2064
  • UNDERWOOD, G, CRUNDALL, D and & CHAPMAN, P., 2007. Driving. In: DURSO, F. T., ed., Handbook of Applied Cognition 2nd edition. Wiley. 391-414
  • CRUNDALL, D., CHAPMAN, P., FRANCE, E., UNDERWOOD, G. and PHELPS, N., 2005. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 19(4), 409-420
  • CRUNDALL, D., BAINS, M., CHAPMAN, P. and UNDERWOOD, G., 2005. Transportation Research F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 8(3), 197-211
  • CHAPMAN, P., ROPAR, D., MITCHELL, P. and ACKROYD, K., 2005. Visual Cognition. 12(7), 1265-1290
  • CHAPMAN, P. and GROEGER, J.A., 2004. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 18(9), 1231-1249
  • CRUNDALL, D., CHAPMAN, P., PHELPS, N. and UNDERWOOD, G., 2003. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. 9(3), 163-174
  • UNDERWOOD, G., CHAPMAN, P., BROCKLEHURST, N., UNDERWOOD, J. and CRUNDALL, D., 2003. Ergonomics. 46(6), 629-646
  • UNDERWOOD, G., CHAPMAN, P., BERGER, Z. and CRUNDALL, D., 2003. Transportation Research F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 6(4), 289-304
  • UNDERWOOD, G., CRUNDALL, D. and CHAPMAN, P., 2002. Ergonomics. 45(1), 1-12
  • CHAPMAN, P., UNDERWOOD, G. and ROBERTS, K., 2002. Transportation Research. Part F, Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 5(2), 157-167
  • CRUNDALL, D., UNDERWOOD, G. and CHAPMAN, P., 2002. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 16(4), 459-476
  • UNDERWOOD, G., CHAPMAN, P., BOWDEN, K. and CRUNDALL, D., 2002. Transportation Research F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 5(2), 87-97
  • CHAPMAN, P. and UNDERWOOD, G., 2000. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 14(1), 31-44
  • UNDERWOOD,G., CHAPMAN,P.R., WRIGHT,S. and CRUNDALL,D., 1999. Transportation Research F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2(1), 55-68
  • CRUNDALL, D, UNDERWOOD, G and CHAPMAN, P, 1999. Perception. 28(9), 1075-87
  • CHAPMAN, P R and UNDERWOOD, G, 1998. Perception. 27(8), 951-64
  • UNDERWOOD, G, PATERSON, K and CHAPMAN, P., 1997. Attention and consciousness in the processing of novelty Journal of Consciousness Studies. 4(4), 336-341
  • GROEGER, J. A. and CHAPMAN, P. R., 1997. Applied Psychology: An International Review. VOL 46(NUMBER 3), 265-286
  • CHAPMAN,P.R. and GROEGER,J.A., 1996. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 10(4), 349-364
  • CHAPMAN, P. and CHINCOTTA, D., 1996. European Psychologist. VOL 1(NUMBER 4), 318

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