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Begin your macroeconomics��education by studying the aggregate economy. Focus on short-term economic fluctuations and long-term��growth��and��debate the role of government in economic management. Learn basic macroeconomic models and apply them to real-world situations.

Start your journey in microeconomics. Analyse household and firm choices, market demand and supply, and various market structures, such as perfect competition and monopolistic firms. Learn to evaluate economic outcomes and market failures��and develop essential skills for studying economics.

Discover the differences and similarities between modern democratic states. This module covers everything from political systems and constitutions to voting behaviour and the challenges facing democracies today.��You'll��learn to compare political systems and understand the dynamics of democratic and authoritarian regimes.

Uncover the��major issues��in global politics,��from security threats to inaction on climate change. This module uses real-world examples to help you understand the complexities of international relations and the roles of states and non-state actors in addressing global problems, while taking a close look at the nature of ‘global��politics’��itself.

Get to grips with the big questions in international politics and the theories that explain them.��You'll��explore both traditional and modern approaches to understanding global issues, providing a solid foundation for further study in international relations.

Develop your skills in mathematical and statistical methods for economic��modelling. Focus on mathematical finance,��function analysis, differentiation, optimisation, integration,��statistical methods and concepts��and regression analysis. Apply these techniques to understand and solve economic problems.

����ԭ�� intermediate macroeconomics, covering goods,��labour��and money markets. Analyse policy questions related to exchange rates, monetary and fiscal��policy��and economic inequality. Understand the��main issues��and developments in modern macroeconomics.

Build on your first-year microeconomics knowledge with intermediate topics like general equilibrium, welfare��economics��and game theory. Analyse the strategic��behaviour��of firms,��voters��and governments. Develop your analytical skills through diagrams and mathematical techniques.

Explore factors influencing growth and development, focusing on economic policies, international��organisations��and historical and geographical determinants. ����ԭ�� topics like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, climate��change��and trade policy. Analyse real-world development issues using economic theory.

Build on your econometric knowledge with advanced techniques. ����ԭ�� large sample theory, time series��analysis��and non-stationarity. Understand the theoretical properties of econometric models and their practical applications in economic analysis.

The aims of the module are to develop your understanding of experimental economics and the main approaches of behavioural economics. It will illustrate different types of experiment that can be undertaken in economics and enable you to understand their designs and purposes, and to assess their strengths and weaknesses.��

This module covers:

• saving, focusing on how agents make intertemporal decisions about their savings and wealth accumulation
• saving puzzles and household portfolios, focusing on��credit markets and credit markets' imperfections, and why do households hold different kinds of assets
• asset allocation and asset pricing, focusing on intertemporal portfolio selection, asset pricing and the equity premium puzzle
• bond markets and fixed income securities
• the term structure of interest rates
• the role of behavioural finance in explaining stock market puzzles

Analyse the organisation of firms and industries with a focus on market competition. ����ԭ�� various market structures, especially imperfect competition. Understand alternative theories of market structure and��performance��and��evaluate their empirical evidence.

Module description to be confirmed.

Gain advanced analytical tools to understand global economies. ����ԭ�� comparative advantage, economic��integration��and the impact of globalisation. Analyse trade benefits, economic inequalities��and the role of international��production and��labour��migration.��Develop theoretical and empirical skills to interpret trade dynamics.

Examine��labour��market economics with a focus on policy implications and institutional arrangements. ����ԭ�� worker compensation schemes and their impact on productivity. Analyse theoretical and empirical aspects of the UK��labour��market and develop presentation and essay writing skills.

����ԭ�� recent developments in macroeconomics, focusing on dynamic optimisation,��real business��cycle��theory��and economic growth. Apply these theories to policy issues and understand the techniques used by macroeconomic researchers.

Explore advanced mathematical techniques used in economic analysis. ����ԭ�� topics like optimisation, dynamic��analysis��and game theory. Develop a rigorous understanding of mathematical tools and their applications in economic theory.

Deepen your understanding of microeconomic theory with a focus on decision theory and market��behaviour. Explore the role of information in markets and build on your prior knowledge.������ԭ����advanced theoretical concepts and��their��practical applications, developing your analytical skills.

This module focuses on a range of econometric methods used in policy evaluation and in the identification and estimation of causal effects. Topics to be covered include:

• potential outcomes framework
• regression analysis and matching
• instrumental variables
• difference-in-differences
• regression discontinuity

Gain a rigorous understanding of monetary economics, covering classical and modern theories. ����ԭ�� central banking, monetary��policy��and the monetary transmission mechanism. Analyse recent developments and debates in monetary economics.

This module will acquaint you with some literature in theoretical and applied political economy. It provides an opportunity for interdisciplinary study within your Economics degree, and it will Enrich your study of economics with insights from political science and political philosophy.

Analyse the role of government in the economy, focusing on tax and welfare policies, social��insurance��and public goods. ����ԭ�� empirical research on current policy issues like inequality and poverty. Develop informed policy judgements and understand the impact of government actions.

Dive into the key themes and debates in African politics. This module covers nationalist resistance, theories of the African state, political��economy��and relations with former colonial powers.��You'll��explore contemporary political developments and understand the complexities of African politics from multiple perspectives.

Explore China's role as a rising superpower. This module examines China's foreign policy, political and economic relations with major powers��and its global influence, helping you understand the dynamics of China's interactions with the world.

This module enables you to undertake a sustained piece of research and analysis into a subject within the discipline of politics and international relations.��

Examine the role of political ideas and ideologies in contemporary Britain. This module looks at how mainstream and non-mainstream parties and social movements influence policies and practices, helping you understand the significance of political ideologies.

This module will provide an introduction to international monetary issues, including the determination of exchange rates and international spill-over effects.��

Explore the relevance of 'left' and 'right' as organising principles in contemporary politics. This module examines their use in party competition, policy formation, public��opinion��and media consumption, helping you understand their role in linking mass populations and political elites.

Understand the relationship between the Middle East and the rest of the world. This module covers key events and themes like the Cold War, the Arab Spring��and terrorism, providing a deeper understanding of the region's contemporary challenges.

Learn programming tools widely used in economics. ����ԭ�� numerical methods like differentiation,��integration��and optimisation. Apply these methods to economic and financial problems using software like Python and��Jupyter��Notebook.

����ԭ�� the development and functioning of political parties and party systems in democratic states worldwide. This module focuses on post-transitional democracies, using analytical concepts and empirical indicators to understand party organisation and system stability.

This module involves a part-time placement (one day a week) in an external organisation, and is aimed at developing hands-on work experience and employability skills in a workplace relevant to students of politics. Pre-placement training will be provided via three half-day workshops at the beginning of the module.

Each placement will be arranged by the work placement officer. Placements will be provided by organisations involved in private, public and third sector organisations, such as the civil service, charities and political parties.

Departmental mentoring will take the form of a weekly drop-in tutorial with the module convenor, in which experiences are shared and work is undertaken on the assessment tasks. Group presentations will occur during the final four hour workshop, at which time each group will critically reflect on their experiences of the ethos and goals of their host organisation.

This module seeks to introduce students to theories of race and racialisation, including, but not limited to, postcolonial theory, orientalism, and intersectionality. After learning the basics of these theoretical lenses, students will study the politics of race in different country contexts through countries’ histories of colonialism and imperialism as well as contemporary racial and ethnic disparities.  ��

Explore the politics and discourses around extremism and the multiple responses to extremism by states, the international system��and civil society actors. This module covers various ideologies and approaches to countering terrorism and extremism, helping you understand the politics and ethics of extremism from multiple vantage points.

The Anglo-American so-called 'Special Relationship' has provoked controversy since the term was coined after World War Two. To some commentators it has represented an attempt by the UK to hide its decline by lofty rhetoric and becoming the 'poodle' of a Superpower. To others, it has been a relationship that has served the interests of both countries and provided a foundation for Western cooperation. This module explores the salient aspects of a relationship that has been built around security, conventional and nuclear.��

Understand��the international role of the European Union. This module covers the foreign policy, security and economic policies of the EU and EU member states.

Investigate the ethical foundations and moral justifications of capitalism. This module examines the benefits and criticisms of capitalism, exploring issues like poverty,��exploitation��and environmental destruction.��You'll��develop analytical skills to assess the moral implications of economic orders.

Investigate the relationship between ethnic groups and political conflict. This module examines the rise of nationalism, the role of identity in populist mobilisation��and the strategies governments use to manage diversity, using examples from Asia, Africa,��Europe��and North America.

Why are some states better at protecting, respecting, and fulfilling their human rights obligations, while others are not? Understanding the conditions under which governments protect human rights is crucial for the field of International Relations and policy makers alike. This module will discuss cutting-edge research within and beyond the human rights field.

You will learn about autocratic state behaviour, safeguards within democratic systems, the campaigns and challenges of NGOs and international organisations, and the wide-ranging effects of globalisation across the different categories and dimensions of human rights. The module will apply theory and empirical insights from these different fields of inquiry in order to understand the relative protection and enjoyment of human rights across different country contexts.

By the end of the module, you will have a clear understanding about human rights research and its effects on the real world.

Understand key theories and debates on social,��political��and economic inequality. This module examines the nature of equality and inequality, exploring which inequalities are permissible and what it means to live in a society of equals.

This module explores the causes and consequences of Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine. It examines the decision to go to war, the unfolding��conflict��and its international implications.

At the dawn of the 21st century, democracy's status worldwide is uncertain. This module examines why some countries are democratic while others are not, how democracy��emerged��and its impact on people's lives.��You'll��explore different models of democratisation and think critically about the challenges of crafting democratic regimes globally.

Understand the power and authority of the modern state. This module examines key theories from historical and contemporary political thought, helping you appreciate the relevance of these theories to modern politics.