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Biography
Arun Kumar joined the History Department in September 2019. He is a historian of modern India and a public history intellectual with an interest in social, economic, educational, labour, and caste history. His work explores different facets of working-class life histories, including their dreams, education, night-time histories, and literary culture. He is currently working on his first book project, which is tentatively titled The Silent Rebellion: Working-Class Dreams, Education and Welfare Capitalism. Dr Kumar's research has appeared in journals such as , , , and International Review of Social History, and his writings have been translated into .
His research has appeared in The Telegraph, , , His academic and public engagement work on rural libraries has been featured in , , Dainik Jagran (Hindi newspaper). interviewed him in 2021 for his work's impact on community engagement.
After finishing his schooling in a rural school in Uttar Pradesh in North India, Dr. Kumar moved to Delhi University in 2007 to study BA Honors History at Delhi College of Arts & Commerce. He was the president of the History Association and an advisor to the Student Union. For his MA History, Dr. Kumar studied at St. Stephen's College and the Department of History, Delhi University. He was awarded the prestigious Lala Ram Mohan Prize for securing the first rank in the university. He completed his PhD (2013-17) in South Asian history at the Centre for Modern Indian Studies, Goettingen University. His PhD on the educational dreams of Indian workers was part of the Transnational Research Group on 'Poverty and Education in Modern India' which was funded by the Max Weber Foundation.
Kumar's PhD work was awarded the Outstanding Dissertation Prize of the German Historical Institute London for the year 2018.
Before joining Nottingham University, Dr. Kumar worked as a research fellow at the International Institute of Social History Amsterdam, Linnaeus University Sweden, and the Merian-Tagore International Centre for Advanced Studies (ICAS) New Delhi.
Expertise Summary
Geographical Area of Research:
Modern South Asia (India) and the British Empire
Research Interests:
Colonial and Imperial History
Capitalism and Global/South Asian Labour History
Education (Industrial, Technical, and Non-elite Education)
History of Caste Inequality
Agrarian Education History
Subaltern Literary Culture
History of Sleep & Night-time
Social and Economic History
History of Backward Classes and the Depressed Classes
Teaching Summary
I teach the following BA History modules:
HIST 2049, Rule & Resistance in Colonial India
HIST 3104, Global Histories of Labour & Capital: Perspectives from India
HIST 3114, Slavery, Caste & Capitalism: Working Lives in Global History
I convene the following MA modules:
Themes and Approaches in Global and Comparative History
Research Summary
Arun Kumar's current research sits at the intersection of social, education, and labour history. His current book project, titled The Silent Rebellion: Working Class Dreams, Education and Capitalism… read more
Selected Publications
2020. Past & Present. 246(1), 149-190
2019. South Asia: Journal of South Asia.
2018. The Journal of South Asian Development. 13(3), 1-23
2018. International Review of Social History. 63(2), 321-34
Newspapers:
2019 Bombay Nights: Night Schools and the Dreams of Bombay Workers, Aeon,
2020 Casteism Continues to Thrive among Indians Abroad, Scroll.in with Dr. Amrita Gosh,
2021 A Scandinavian 'Nabob' of the British Empire: The Discovery of a New Colonial Archive, The Wire,
2021. What the Colonial History of Indian Carpentry Tells Us About the State's Role in Nurturing Professions, The Wire with Dr. Amanda Lanzillo,
2021. , The Wire with Dr. Amanda Lanzillo, 11 September.
2021. , The Telegraph, 30 September.
2021 , The Wire, 09 November.
2023 , The Wire, 01 August.
2023 , The Wire, 12 April.
2022 , The Wire, 24th June.
2022 , The Wire, 14 February.
Opinion Pieces
2024 , The Telegraph, 3 September.
2024 Samajwadi Party's Comeback in UP: The Informal Worker, Indian Express, 3 July.
2023 , The Telegraph, 17 May.
2023 The Conversation UK, 1 March.
2023 , Indian Express, 14 February.
2022 , Scroll, 22 August.
2022 , The Telegraph, 22 February.
2021 Scroll, 5 November.
2021 ?, The Indian Express, 30 September.
Documentaries:
2020. What if...Time Zones didn't exist?
Radio:
2021. Voice of Islam, UK Radio on 'Should India Pakistan partition history be added to history lessons of UK school curriculum?'
Interviews in/for Popular Media
2021 Interviewed by , 28th October 2021.
2021 Press Release on my community and academic work by Nottingham University, 5th October 2021
2021 Featured in for founding a rural library on rural libraries, 28 July.
2021 Featured in for working on rural libraries, 14 July.
2018 Interviewed by Jyoti Punwani for the (3 December), 'The Worker as Intellectual'.
Current Research
Arun Kumar's current research sits at the intersection of social, education, and labour history. His current book project, titled The Silent Rebellion: Working Class Dreams, Education and Capitalism explores the lives of the nineteenth and twentieth-century artisans, factory workers, and footloose labourers to understand their labouring and non-labouring world. The book challenges fundamental major theoretical conclusions of modern Indian history that present workers as illiterate beings and study their lives merely in terms of their work identity and manual labour. Kumar proposes that workers who were born as workers did not always die as workers. In their life-cycle, they travelled around, studied, and sought new career opportunities. In doing so, their notions of manual labour and the need for work changed. Similarly, in their day-cycle workers did not just do labour. They dreamed of a non-working identity and a life for themselves and their children. They read books, attended night schools, and wrote prose and poetry. Kumar employs the history of the night-time and childhood as methodological procedures to uncover the non-working lives of manual labourers. He proposes that historians by not exploring the working lives beyond their work time and work-related aspects (strikes, migration) reduce workers to their colonial and elite notions of mere 'working-hands'. In doing so, the book also explores the manual labour aspects of the Indian caste system. It proposes that workers who often came from marginalized social backgrounds did not just rebel against their fixed working identity but also their caste identity which had tied them to perform labour for centuries.
Joseph Stephens' Archive and Contract Capitalism in Imperial World
Dr. Kumar has also been involved in reading the newly discovered papers of Joseph Stephens, the Scandinavian businessman who made a fortune in colonial India working as a railway contractor. Joseph spent nine years in India from 1859 to 1868 and left a wonderful archive of letter correspondence with Great India Peninsular Railway Company, personal diaries, photographs, workers' details, work contracts, and accounts at his residence Huseby Bruk for historians. Kumar is focussing on the language of workers' contracts to write a larger history of the relationship between capitalism and contract. He is also using the archive to make a point about the global imperial history where non-imperial actors such as the residents from the Scandinavian countries were crucial in shaping colonialism.
Past Research
Arun has worked on the art of letter-writing culture among the subaltern groups. He looks at how mobile labouring groups transformed a very elite activity of letter-writing into a mass culture by the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
He has also written on the history of the working-class nights, 'untouchable schools', and industrial schools.
Future Research
Dr Arun Kumar is currently researching community histories of artisans and their usages of the past to articulate an identity. This public-history research is funded with the support of the British Academy/Leverhulme Small Research Grant.
He is also developing a new research project titled 'Ideologies and Practices of Work and Non-Work in South Asia (1900-2000)'. This research will inform and improve our understanding of how work has been constructed, extracted, and resisted on four sites: public construction, factories, government offices, and private firms. The project is timely as demands for shorter workdays, practices of long work hours, and flexible work patterns (postCovid era) become more visible. Project's focus will be on South Asia, but I will engage with scholarships from around the world to produce innovative and original research on how work and non-work have been framed in our daily lives. It will examine key themes that define our sense of work culture and work-life balance, such as the concept of a lazy body, efficiency and fatigue, the rise of an 8-hour workday, boredom, and work discipline. All these themes are missing from South Asian historiography as scholars have not asked these research questions.
2025. . In: The Routledge Handbook of Subalterns Routledge. 522鈥�534
2022. . In: The Imperial Underbelly: Workers, Contractors, and Entrepreneurs in colonial India and Scandinavia Routledge.
2022. . In: GER DUIJZINGS, ed., Working at Night De Gruyter.
2021. . In: VIKAS GUPTA,, RAMA KANT AGNIHOTRI and MINATI PANDA, eds., Education and Inequality: Historical and Contemporary Trajectories Delhi: Orient BlackSwan. 225-252
2020. Past & Present. 246(1), 149-190
2019. South Asia: Journal of South Asia.
2019. Aeon. Available at: <https://aeon.co/essays/night-school-and-the-dreams-of-bombays-factory-workers>
2018. The Journal of South Asian Development. 13(3), 1-23
2018. International Review of Social History. 63(2), 321-34
2016.