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Theme 9: Punishing sin
Document 1
WLC/LM/4, f. 74v: Robert of Gretham, 'Mirur, lines 2925-2947 (composed c.1250, Anglo-Norman)
Transcription by Kathryn Summerwill. Translation by Theresa Tyers
E ne redutent deu ne gent. D unc deit lur char estre forsmise D e comune de sainte eglise. K e par lur male cumpaignie. N e seit la bone gent hunie. E tant deiuent dehors gisir. D eskil se uoillent repentir. D unc deuient il al prestre uenir. L ur pecche e lur estre mustir. K ar repentance uent par de. D unt li pecchez est pardune. M ais sachez li pecchez recoure. K i al prestre ne de descoure E tut seit li mals pardune. S i deit li hom estre pene. P ur ses grant mesfaiz remenbrer. E pur en auant chastier. K ar chascun serreit des laez. S il ne fust unkes chastiez. E chastiez ne poet nuls estre. F ors par le conseil de sun prestre. L i prestres nel poet conseiller. S i il de quei nel uolt mustrer.When one is not afraid of God nor man, then their bodies will be put outside of the community of the holy church so that their wicked company will not defile the good men. And they will be placed outside of the church until such time that they wish to repent. They must then come before the priest to lay bare their sins and their lives. For repentance comes from God, by which sins are forgiven. But know that sins will be regained if all is not recounted to the priest. All sins may be forgiven if the man is punished, and by such punishment for his great misdeeds he will remember his wrongdoing and for having been chastised. For if not chastised, each would be overcome if he is never admonished, and no-one can be reformed except by the advice of the priest, and they [the priests] cannot give guidance about anything that he [the sinner] is not willing to set out before the priest.
Document 2
WLC/LM/4, f. 8r: William of Waddington, Le Manuel des Pchs (composed c.1220-1240, Anglo-Norman)
Transcription and translation by Theresa Tyers
Q uatre diables tost ueneient. E une roe ardante porteient. S ur la teste la dame le mistrent. E iesques a cendres le astrent A ltre fee est uiue releuee$ S a dame . co lui ad semblee. M ais les diables la roe ardant. S ur lui mettent meintenant. E en pudre lastrent altre fee. L i hom ki fu la mene. T ant aueit hudur e pite. P lus grant nout puis ke fu nee. T reis fee li astrent co lui sembla. A llas la peine kele mena. M ais ele tuz iurs releuait. K ar en peine murir ne poait. L a reisun apres lui ad cunte. A lhome ki la fu mene. P ur quoy ele esteit si pene. D e la roe ardante enflame. C este peine dist ele que luis ueez. P ur co suffre io bien le sachez. P ur geluse atiffement. D e ma teste numeement. Kar pur estre reguarde. E de bealte plus prisee. Q uant io ueneie entre gent. M atiffai trop cointement.Suddenly there in the field to which she had brought him [a grievously ill man mentioned in previous lines] from his sick bed, four devils appeared carrying a burning wheel. They placed this wheel upon the Lady's head and she was immediately burnt to the point where nothing remained of her but ashes. She was quickly resurrected, but once again they placed the wheel upon her head and yet again she was burnt to ashes. The man that she had brought there to watch the scene of her suffering was filled with horror and pity greater than since the day he was born. This act of burning was repeated three times.
[The author now places a stress on the woman's suffering and plight:] 'Alas, the suffering that it had brought'.
[The Lady then explains to the man why she had had to suffer:] 'The suffering you see is the result of my own actions. Namely, my wish to be looked upon and praised by others for my beauty, having adorned myself so skilfully'.
Document 3
AN/PN 352/20: Penance of Margery Billage of Car Colston for fornication with William Sommer (1591, English)
Transcription and translation by Kathryn Summerwill
A declaracion to bee made by Margerie Billadge of the parish of Carcolston
The said Margerie shalbee presente in the church of Carcolston of at morninge prayer upon the xxiijth daie of May 1591 and havinge a white sheete aboute her and a white rod in her hande bareheaded s barefooted barelegged shall kneele in the sight of the congregation till the gospell bee redde and then standinge on some forme or deske before the pulpit shall say after the minister as followeth viz./
Good people wheras I not havinge the feare of god before my eyes nor regardinge my soules health have committedthe filthie synn of fornication with William Sommer to the greate displeasure of almightie god the daunger of my soule and evill example of others I am nowe come hither to knowledge my falte and am right hartilie sorie for the same, besechinge god and yow all whome I have ther by offended not onelie to forgeue mee and to take example by my punishmente to leade a chaste and a godlie lief: but also to ioyne with mee in hartie prayer to the throne of the almightie for the assistance of his holie spirite that I never fall into the like againe sayinge as our sauiour Christe hath taughte us: Our Father which arte in heauen etcetera
Shee is to do the like penance in Screaton church on trinitie sondaie next And in Carcolston church in sondaie sennixt followinge.
Hoc vestrummandatumExecutum est perpredictamMargartam Billage [Se]cundumformam et Effectumpresentium [In c]uius Rei testimonium Nomen meum [present]ibus Apposui per me Robertum Winter
Concordat cum decreto Johanum Martiall Vestrummandatumexecutum est in predictamMargartam Billage SecundumFormam et effectum presentium in cuius rei testimonium nomen meumpresentibus Apposui per me Johanum Cantrell A declaration to be made by Margery Billadge of the parish of Car Colston.
The said Margery shall be present in the church of Car Colston at morning prayer upon the 23rd day of May 1591, and having a white sheet about her and a white rod in her hand, bareheaded, barefooted, barelegged, shall kneel in the sight of the congregation until the gospel has been read, and then standing on some form or desk before the pulpit shall say after the minister as follows, that is to say:
Good people. Whereas I, not having the fear of God before my eyes, nor regarding my souls health, have committed the filthy sin of fornication [sex outside marriage] with William Sommer to the great displeasure of Almighty God, the danger of my soul, and evil example [to] others, I have now come here to acknowledge my fault and am right heartily sorry for the same, beseeching God and you all whom I have thereby offended not only to forgive me and to take example by my punishment to lead a chaste and a godly life, but also to join with me in hearty prayer to the throne of the Almighty for the assistance of his holy spirit, that I [shall] never fall into the like [sin] again. Saying as our saviour Christ has taught, that is to say:
Our Father which art in Heaven etc.
[In the hand of John Martiall, Deputy Registrar of the Archdeaconry of Nottingham]:
She is to do the like penance in Screveton church on Trinity Sunday next, and in Car Colston church a week on Sunday following.
This agrees with the decree. [Signed] John Martiall
[In the hand of Robert Winter, vicar of Car Colston from 1570 to 1614]:
This your mandate was executed by the aforesaid Margaret Billage according to the form and effect of these presents. In witness of which I have placed my name to these presents. By me Robert Winter.
[In the hand of John Cantrell, parson of Screveton from 1572, resigned in 1601]:
Your mandate was executed as above by Margaret Billage, according to the form and effect of these presents, in witness of which I have placed my name to these presents. By me John Cantrell.
Document 4
Medical Chir. Society Over.X WZ250.D46 DIS: Extracts from John Disney, A view of ancient laws against immorality and profaneness... (Cambridge : Corn. Crownfield, 1729)
Printed item in English, no transcription or translation available
Document 5
WLC/LM/8, f. 86r: John Gower, Confessio Amantis, Book 4, lines 3619-3638 (composed c.1393, English)
Transcription and translation by Pamela Doohan
She wepe she crie she swone oft She caste hir yhen vp alofte And seide a monge full pitously O god ou wotest it am I For whom Yphis is us beseine Ordeigne so . at men may seine A ousand winter efter is How such a maide did a mys And as I did do to me For I ne didd no pite To hym which for my loue is lore Do no pite to me erfore And wit is worde she fell to grounde A swonne and er she lay a stounde e goddesse which hir pleintez herde And se how wofully she ferde Hir lif ei toke a weie anon And shopen hir in to a stone After e forme of hir ymage Of body bo and of visageShe (Araxarathen) wept, she cried, she swooned often. She cast her eyes upwards and said very sorrowfully and continually, Oh god, you know it is I for whom Iphis was so troubled. Arrange it so that men may see for a thousand winters after this how such a maiden as I did wrong, and as I did, do to me. Therefore, because I did not undergo grief for him (Iphis), who is lost because of my love, do not show me any mercy. And with these words she fell to the ground in a swoon, and there she lay for a moment. The gods who heard her complaint and saw how woefully she behaved took her life away immediately. They transformed her into stone, a replica of the shape in her image, of both her face and her body.
Wives, Widows and Wimples. Theme 9: Punishing sin
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V% P L reformed except by the advice of the h L 2
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V% P L guidance about anything that he [the h 2
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^ ranslation by Theresa Tyerse
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yZ S nPWQ uatre diables tost ueneient.
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y S nPW l
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S nPWE une roe ard # 2
S nPWante porteient.
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Z # S nPWS ur la teste la dame le mistrent.
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Z S nPWE iesq - - - 2
{ S nPWues - - -
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S nPW l + 2
S nPWa cendres le astrent
2
S nPW l 7 2
Z S nPWA ltre fee est uiue releuee$
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8 2
Z S nPWS a dame . co lui ad semblee.
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Z ! S nPWM ais les diables la roe ardant. .
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Z S nPWS ur lui mettent meintenant.
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Z S nPWE en pudre lastrent altre fee.
2
S nPW l
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Z S nPWL i hom ki fu 2
S nPWla mene. i
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Z S nPWT ant aueit hudur e pite.
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Z ! S nPWP lus grant nout puis ke fu nee. .
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Z % S nPWT reis fee li astrent co lui sembla.
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,Z S nPWA llas la peine kele mena. e
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:Z S nPWM ais ele tuz iurs releuait. .
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GZ S nPWK - - - 2
Ge S nPWar - - -
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Gr S nPW l 1 2
Gv S nPWen peine murir ne poait. i
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G S nPW l
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UZ S nPWL a reisun apres lui ad cunte.
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U S nPW l
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yV) PnLWSuddenly there in the field to which she D 2
V& PnLWhad brought him [a grievously ill man L 2
V+ PnLWmentioned in previous lines] from his sick C 2
V% PnLWbed, four devils appeared carrying a D 2
V& PnLWburning wheel. They placed this wheel 2 2
V PnLWupon the Lady's head and s 2
PnLWhe was C 2
V% PnLWimmediately burnt to the point where F 2
V' PnLWnothing remained of her but ashes. She G 2
V( PnLWwas quickly resurrected, but once again G 2
V( PnLWthey placed the wheel upon her head and D 2
V& PnLWyet again she was burnt to ashes. The G 2
V( PnLWman that she had brought there to watch " 2
V PnLWthe scene of he 5 2
PnLWr suffering was filled with
L 2
,V+ PnLWhorror and pity greater than since the day C 2
:V% PnLWhe was born. This act of burning was c + 2
GV PnLWrepeated three times.
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