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Theme 6: Mistreatment of women
Document 1
WLC/LM/8, f. 190r: John Gower, Confessio Amantis, Book 8, lines 1373-1423 (composed c.1393, English)
Transcription by Gavin Cole. Translation by Pamela Doohan
So fell it at is Chirles knape Ha leide is maiden wher he wold Vpon e stronde and what she shold She was a drade and he oute breide A rusty swerde . and to hir seide ou shalt be dede . allas quo she Why shal I so $ lo us quo he My lady Dyonise ha bede ou shalt be morred in is stede is maiden o for fere stright And for e loue of god almyght She preie at for a litell stounde She might knele upon e grounde Towerte e heuen for to craue Hir wofull saule at she may saue And wi is noise and wi is crie Out of a barge faste bye Which hid was er on scomer fare Men sterten oute and weren ware Of is felon and he to go And she began to crie o Ha mercy helpe for goddes sake In to e barge ei her take As theues shulde and fore ei went Vpon e see e wynde hem hent And malgre wher ei wold or none To fore e wedir fore ei gone er halpe no seile er halpe non ore For storme and for blowen sore In grete perill so fore ei dryue Til ate laste ei aryue At Mitelene e Citee In hauen sauffe whan at ei be e maister shipmann made him bovne And goe him oute in to e tovne And profere Thaise for to selle One leonin it herde tell Which maister of e bordel was And bad hym go a redy pas To fechen hir and fore he wente And Thaise oute of his barge he hente. And to is bordelere he solde And he at be hir body wolde Take avauntage . lete do crie at what man wolde his lecherie Attempt vpon hir maydenhede Ley doune e golde and he shal spede And us whan he ha cried it oute In sight of all e peple aboute Qualiter leoninus Thaisim ad lupanar de stinauit . vbi dei gracia preuenta ipsius vir ginitatem nullus violare potuit. He lad hir in to e bordel oSo it happened that this churlish servant (Theophilus) led the maiden (Thaise) to the shore intending to kill her, and she was afraid of what would happen to her. He drew out a rusty sword and said to her, You must die. Alas, she said. Why must I? Because, he said, My lady Dyonise has commanded that you shall be murdered here. Then the maiden screamed in fear. She prayed that, for the love of God Almighty, she be allowed a little more time. She knelt on the ground, and begged towards heaven that her woeful soul may be saved. This noise and crying was heard on a piracy barge hidden nearby. Men leapt off it and they saw the criminal (Theophilus), who ran away. Then she cried out, For Gods sake have mercy on me! and they took her onto the barge, as thieves would, and off they went.
Once on the sea the wind took them, in spite of where they wanted to go. They were at the mercy of bad weather as they had no sails, and no oars, and were driven by storms and blown about severely. They endured such great perils until at last they arrived at the city of Mitelene. When they were in that safe haven, the master-shipman concocted a plan: he went into the town and offered Thaise for sale. A certain Leonin, who was master of the brothel, urged him to go quickly and fetch her. The master-shipman returned to the barge, seized Thaise, and sold her to the brothel-keeper, who intended to exploit her body. He shouted out that any man who wanted to take her virginity must lay down his gold before he would succeed. And when he had announced this to the people all around [Latin gloss, summarising the story], he led her then to the brothel.
Document 2
Mi 5/168/23/1: Extract from bill of complaint relating to the abduction and forced marriage of Jane Sacheverell (1485, English)
Middleton Collection, Mi 5/168/23/1
Transcript and translation by Kathryn Summerwill
... to the nombre of an C persones and moo Riotously and disensibily arraied in Maner of Warre the seid xj day of nouembre felonously ley in a wayte in a wode called Boroweswode bytwene the seid Manoures of Hopwell and Morley to Ruysshe and to Robbe the seid Jane ayenst oure seid soueraine lordes lawes and his peace then and there Made assaute vppon the seid Jane and her toke and bound her fast vnto a man on horsbake and with grete violence and force led her by nygth tyme in to the Shire of Nothingham vnto a place of Sir Robert Markham knygth and from thens to leycester Shire and from thens to a place of the seid Herry Willoughby called Middelton in the Shire of Warrwick and putt her in Suche fere and manase that she was in poynte to haue perisshed and distroied and then and ther toke from her a pece prece of xl shillings and vj Spones of syluer prece xxvj shillings viij pence of the goodes of the seid Jane and ouere that the seid Richard Willoughby violently and greuously manasseth and yete doth the same Jane to Cary her in to Straunge Contrey to her vtter vndoyng and distruction and ther to do his plesure with her as his owen will withoute that she well consent and be aggreable vnto his unsatiable and riotouse entent[On the 11th day of November last, Jane then being at the manor of Hopwell, intended to go to the manor of Morley, but Henry Willoughby of Middleton, Richard Curson of Wollaton, Richard Willoughby of Wollaton, Henry Boson of Nottinghamshire, Hugh Willoughby of Risley, and others,] to the number of 100 persons and more, riotously and ostensibly clothed as if for war, feloniously lay waiting in a wood called Boroweswode [Burrow Wood, Spondon] between the said manor of Hopwell and Morley, to ravish and rob the said Jane [Sacheverell] against our said sovereign lord [the Kings] laws and his peace. Then and there they made assault upon the said Jane, and took her and bound her fast to a man on horseback, and with great violence and force led her by night time into Nottinghamshire, to a place belonging to Sir Robert Markham, knight, and from thence to Leicestershire, and from thence to a place belonging to the said Henry Willoughby called Middleton in Warwickshire. They put her in such fear and menace that she was in a situation to have perished and been destroyed, and then and there they took from her a peace price of 40 shillings and 6 spoons of silver, priced at 26 shillings 8 pence, from the goods of the said Jane. And more than that, the said Richard Willoughby violently and greviously menaced and yet caused the said Jane to be carried into an unknown country, to her utter undoing and destruction, and there to do his pleasure with her at his own will, without her consenting and being agreeable to his insatiable and riotous intent.
Document 3
Special Collection JN147.T4: Extract from Magna Carta (1215, Latin) From Richard Thomson, An historical essay on the Magna charta of King John (London : Printed for John Major ... and Robert Jennings ..., 1829), 68-71
No transcript or translation, because it is a printed item in English
Document 4
WLC/LM/9, f. 142r: Speculum Vitae, lines 9259-9276 (composed mid 14th century, English)
Transcript and translation by Pamela Doohan
Secundus gradus inter solutum et meretricem
E secounde degre may is dede be Betwene a syngle man at is fre And a comoun womman of bordelle at bidde hir body ofte to selle at is a synne at is more grete And to e fend of helle more lefe For is is holden more vyle And more it may e soule fyle For whi siche wymmen of lif vnclene Parchaunce ben wedded as ofte is sene Or ben wymmen of religioun at han forsaken her professioun And soiornen in gode tounnes namely er ei vse at craft of bordelry And forsaken noon of al a kyn at ha wille with hem to syn Fader ne sone cosyn ne broer is synne is more gref an e toerThe second degree, between a free man and a prostitute.
The second degree may be that deed between a single man who is free to do as he pleases, and a common woman in a brothel who regularly sells her body. That is a sin that is more serious, and to the Devil in Hell more pleasing, because it is considered more vile and it renders the soul more foul [than a single man sinning with a single woman].
Therefore such women of unclean living are sometimes married, as often is seen, or are women of religion who have forsaken their religious vows and dwell in towns with good reputations. There they ply the trade of prostitution, and reject no one from the many kinds who wish to sin with them: father, son, cousin or brother.
This sin is more trouble than the previous one [a single man sinning with a single woman].
Wives, Widows and Wimples. Theme 6: Mistreatment of women
(c) Manuscripts and Special Collections, The ԭ, 2010
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