ࡱ> UWT bjbjVV 4V<<AAAAAUUUUi U0uuuuuPPPNPPPPPP$NtAPPPPPtAAuuPAuAuNPNu9Uf:0|JAtPPPPPPPttPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP : Critical appraisal Case control questions IntroductionAre the aims clearly stated? MethodsIs the study design suitable for the aims? Was a clear case and control definition given? What were they? Is the control group appropriate? Was the data collected in the same way for cases and controls? What exposures were measured? Is it clear what measurements were carried out in the study? Were the correct measurements chosen? Do they that reflect (or are they strongly related to) the outcome of interest?Were previously established validated methods used to make the measurements? (e.g. Glasgow pain score, International Units etc)Did the exposure precede the outcome? What outcomes were measured? Are the outcomes clinically relevant? Are the statistical methods described? Was the statistical significance level stated? Was the sample size justified? Was ethical approval obtained? Overall, are the methods described in enough detail that you could repeat them? Results Were the basic data adequately described? Do the numbers add up? Are all subjects accounted for?Was the statistical significance (p value) stated in the results? Is this consistent with the methods? (It should be stated in the sample size or power calculation)What were the main findings/key results? Discussion and conclusionWhat do the main findings/key results mean? Was a casual relationship between the outcome and exposure suggested? Is it justified?Are the negative findings discussed? How are the negative findings interpreted? Does the discussion reflect the results? InterpretationWhat are the clinical implications of this study? Are the subjects in the study similar to those in the BET/your own? 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